Nigute itara rigendanwa ryaka ryaka ryuzuza ububiko bwingufu

Itara ryaka izuba nigikoresho gikoresha ingufu zizuba kubyara amashanyarazi no kuyihindura ingufu zoroheje. Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zamatara yizuba igira uruhare runini. Irashobora gutanga amashanyarazi ahoraho kumurika nijoro cyangwa kumunsi wibicu.

Hariho uburyo bukurikira bwo kubika ingufu muriurumuri rw'izuba amatara: kubika ingufu za batiri, tekinoroji yo kubika hydrogène hamwe nubuhanga bwo kubika amashyuza. Uburyo butandukanye bwo kubika ingufu zifite inyungu zazo hamwe nibidukikije bikurikizwa, byatangijwe muburyo burambuye hepfo.

Kubika ingufu za bateri kuri ubu ni tekinoroji ikoreshwa cyane mu kubika ingufu. Imirasire y'izuba ihindura ingufu z'izuba mu mbaraga z'amashanyarazi, hanyuma ikoherezwa mu nsinga muri bateri zo kubika. Batteri irashobora kubika ingufu nyinshi zamashanyarazi ikayirekura mugihe bikenewe kugirango itara itara. Kubwibyo, kubika ingufu za batiri birashobora kwemeza ko umunara wamatara ushobora gukora bisanzwe nijoro cyangwa kumunsi wibicu. Ubu buryo bwo kubika ingufu biroroshye, birashoboka kandi bidahenze, kandi birakwiriye gukoreshwa mumatara.

Ikoreshwa rya hydrogène ni tekinoroji nshya yo kubika ingufu zakozwe mu myaka yashize, ihindura ingufu z'izuba ingufu za hydrogène. Imirasire y'izuba ikoresha ingufu z'izuba mu mashanyarazi hanyuma igabanyamo amazi muri hydrogène na ogisijeni binyuze muri electrolysis y'amazi. Hydrogene irabikwa kandi, iyo bikenewe, ihindurwamo amashanyarazi ikoresheje selile kugirango imurikire itara. Tekinoroji yo kubika hydrogène ifite ibiranga kamere ishobora kuvugururwa nubucucike bukabije, bushobora gutanga amashanyarazi maremare. Nyamara, ishoramari nigiciro cya tekinoroji yo kubika hydrogène ni byinshi kandi uburyo bwo gukoresha ni buke.

Ubuhanga bwo kubika ubushyuhe bukoresha ingufu zizuba kugirango zihindure ingufu zumucyo ingufu zubushyuhe kandi zibike kugirango zikoreshwe mumatara. Iri koranabuhanga rikubiyemo ahanini uburyo bubiri: kubika ubushyuhe bushyushye no kubika ubushyuhe bukonje. Ububiko bwa Thermal buhindura ingufu zizuba mu mbaraga zumuriro binyuze mumirasire yizuba yizuba, hanyuma ikabika ingufu zumuriro. Iyo ari ijoro cyangwa ibicu, ingufu zumuriro zirashobora guhinduka ingufu zamashanyarazi binyuze mumashanyarazi kugirango acane itara. Ububiko bukonje nubushyuhe bukoresha ingufu zizuba kugirango zihindure ingufu zumucyo ingufu zikonje, kandi zibike ingufu zikonje kugirango zikoreshwe mumatara. Tekinoroji yo kubika amashyuza ifite ibyiza byo kubika ingufu nyinshi no kubungabunga ibidukikije, ariko ifite ibisabwa byinshi kubikoresho na sisitemu yo kubika amashyuza, kandi igiciro ni kinini.

Usibye uburyo butatu bwo kubika ingufu zavuzwe haruguru, amatara yizuba arashobora kandi gukoresha ubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga bwo kubika ingufu kugirango yongere ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu. Kurugero, supercapacitor zirashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bifasha kubika ibikoresho kugirango bitange ingufu zinyongera nibisohoka neza mugihe cyo guhinduka.

Muri rusange, uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zumucyo wizuba ni ikintu cyingenzi kugirango gikomeze gukora. Kubika ingufu za Batiri nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane kandi buhendutse cyane, kandi burakwiriye kubintu byinshi bisaba gucana nijoro cyangwa kumunsi wibicu. Ubuhanga bwo kubika hydrogène hamwe nubuhanga bwo kubika ubushyuhe nubuhanga bushya bwo kubika ingufu zifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi burashobora kurushaho kuzamurwa no gukoreshwa mubikorwa byiterambere. Muri icyo gihe, kwinjiza tekinoroji yingirakamaro yo kubika ingufu birashobora kongera ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu no kwemeza ko amatara yaka izuba ashobora gukomeza gukora neza.