Sisetshenziswa kanjani ukugcinwa kwamandla ezimoto ezisebenza ngomakhalekhukhwini

Isitoreji samandla se izimoto zikagesi ezihambayoitholakala ikakhulukazi ngamabhethri. Ibhethri idivayisi eguqula amandla amakhemikhali abe amandla kagesi, avame kakhulu okuyibhethri ye-lithium-ion.

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion asetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi ezihambayo ngokuvamile akhiwa amaseli amaningi. Iseli ngalinye lixhunywe yisihlukanisi esigoqwe ngezinto ezinhle nezingezinhle. Izinto ze-cathode ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ama-oxides, njenge-lithium cobalt oxide, i-lithium manganate, njll., kanye nezinto ezingezinhle ze-electrode ngokuvamile zisebenzisa i-graphite.

Inqubo yokugcina amandla yamabhethri e-lithium-ion ingahlukaniswa kalula zibe izigaba ezimbili: ukushaja nokukhipha. Lapho ishaja, umthombo wamandla udlulisa ugesi ku-electrode ephozithivu yebhethri, okubangela ukuthi ama-ion e-lithium avale phakathi kwama-electrode aqondile noma angalungile. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-ion e-lithium asuka ku-electrode eqondile, athuthelwa ku-electrode engalungile ngama-ion aku-electrolyte, futhi ashumekwe ku-graphite yezinto ezingezinhle ze-electrode. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-ion aqondile ku-electrolyte ebhethrini nawo anyakaze ukuze alondoloze ukungathathi hlangothi kukagesi phakathi kwama-electrode.

Lapho amandla kagesi agciniwe edingeka, i-current ingena edivayisini isuka ku-electrode eyinegethivu, bese i-lithium ion inyakaza ngokuphambene isuka ku-electrode eyinegethivu ingene ku-electrolyte phakathi kwama-electrode aqondile bese ibuyela entweni ye-electrode eyakhayo. Phakathi nale nqubo, ukunyakaza kwe-lithium ion kubangela ukugeleza kwamandla kagesi futhi kukhulula amandla kagesi agciniwe.

Isitoreji samandla ebhethri sezimoto ezihamba ngamandla eselula sidinga futhi ukucabangela izinkomba ezithile ezibalulekile, njengomthamo webhethri ne-voltage. Amandla asho amandla kagesi ibhethri le-lithium-ion elingawagcina futhi liwakhulule, ngokuvamile akalwa ngamahora we-ampere (Ah). I-voltage ingumehluko ongaba khona wamandla kagesi ebhethri ye-lithium-ion. Ngokuvamile, i-DC voltage isetshenziswa, njenge-3.7V, 7.4V, njll.

Ezimotweni zikagesi ezihambayo, ukuze kuzuzwe ukugcinwa kwamandla okusebenzayo kanye nokukhipha amandla, ukusekelwa kohlelo lokuphatha ibhethri (BMS) nakho kuyadingeka. I-BMS iyisisetshenziswa esinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqapha nokuphatha iphakethe lebhethri, esingaqinisekisa ukuphepha kwebhethri, sinwebe ukuphila kwayo futhi sithuthukise ukonga kwamandla.

I-BMS ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa izinzwa zokushisa, izinzwa zamanje, izinzwa zikagesi kanye nama-control chips. Inzwa yezinga lokushisa isetshenziselwa ukuqapha izinga lokushisa lephakethe lebhethri ukugwema ukushisa ngokweqile noma ukupholisa ngokweqile; inzwa yamanje isetshenziselwa ukuthola ukushaja nokukhipha okwamanje kwephakethe lebhethri ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-current ingaphakathi kwebanga eliphephile; inzwa ye-voltage isetshenziselwa ukuqapha i-voltage yephakethe lebhethri ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ayikhokhiswa ngokweqile Noma yeqiwe ngokweqile. I-chip yokulawula inesibopho sokuqoqa idatha yenzwa nokuphatha nokulawula ibhethri ngama-algorithms.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokugcinwa kwamandla kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion, ukulawulwa okuphelele kokushajwa kwebhethri nokukhipha kuyadingeka futhi. Isibonelo, ukushaja okuqhubekayo kwamanje kanye nokushaja okungaguquki kwe-voltage kungasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokushaja, futhi amandla okukhipha kanye ne-voltage kungalungiswa ngokuya ngezidingo ngesikhathi sokushajwa. Ngokulawula ngokunengqondo inqubo yokushaja nokukhipha, amandla okuguqula amandla ebhethri angakhuliswa futhi nempilo yesevisi yebhethri inganwetshwa.

Ngokuvamile, ukugcinwa kwamandla kwezimoto zamandla eselula kufinyelelwa ngamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Lawa mabhethri agcina amandla kagesi futhi awakhulule lapho kudingeka. Ngokusekelwa kohlelo lokuphatha ibhethri, ukuphepha nokusebenza kwebhethri kungaqinisekiswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuthuthukisa ukushaja nokulawulwa kokukhipha amandla, ukugcinwa kahle kwamandla kungathuthukiswa futhi nempilo yebhethri inganwetshwa. Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kanye nokusungulwa kobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla kuzothuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kweselula